What Is Native American Jewelry Made From?

Native American jewelry is renowned for its intricate designs and cultural significance. These pieces are more than just decorative items; they are symbols of heritage, spirituality, and identity. Understanding “What is Native American jewelry made from?” provides insight into the rich traditions and skilled craftsmanship of Indigenous peoples across North America.

Natural Stones and Minerals

Natural stones are a cornerstone of Native American jewelry, prized for their beauty and symbolic meanings. Here are some of the most commonly used stones:

• Turquoise: The Stone of Life and Luck

Turquoise is perhaps the most iconic stone in Native American jewelry. Valued for its striking blue and green hues, turquoise is believed to bring protection, strength, and health to the wearer. Mines such as the Kingman and Sleeping Beauty in Arizona have been significant sources of turquoise for generations. This stone is often set in silver to create stunning rings, necklaces, and earrings.

• Coral: The Precious Red Gem

Coral, especially the deep red and pink varieties, is another popular material. It is often used in combination with turquoise and silver to create visually striking pieces. Historically, coral has been associated with healing and protection, making it a favored material in many Native American cultures.

• Jet and Onyx: The Black Beauties

Jet and onyx are black stones that add elegance and depth to jewelry designs. Jet, a type of lignite coal, is light and easy to carve, while onyx, a variety of chalcedony, is known for its smooth texture and solid black color. Both stones are used to create intricate inlays and contrast with brighter stones like turquoise and coral.

• Lapis Lazuli: The Royal Blue Stone

Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue color flecked with gold, has been used in Native American jewelry to symbolize wisdom and truth. This stone is not as commonly found in North America, often imported from regions like Afghanistan, but it holds a significant place in creating vibrant, eye-catching jewelry pieces.

Metals: The Backbone of Craftsmanship

Metals play a crucial role in Native American jewelry, providing structure and shine. The most commonly used metals are:

• Silver: The Shining Star

Silver is the most prevalent metal in Native American jewelry. Its malleability and bright finish make it ideal for crafting intricate designs. Techniques such as stamping, overlay, and inlay work are commonly employed by artisans to create unique patterns and textures. Silver is often used in combination with stones like turquoise and coral to enhance their natural beauty.

• Copper: The Warm Hue

Copper, known for its reddish-brown color, is another significant metal. Historically, Native American tribes like the Hohokam and Ancestral Puebloans used copper in their jewelry. Today, copper is still appreciated for its warm tones and is often used in bracelets, earrings, and necklaces.

• Gold: The Precious Metal

While less common than silver and copper, gold is also used in Native American jewelry. Its rarity and value make it a symbol of wealth and status. Gold is often used in combination with other metals and stones to create luxurious and intricate pieces.

• Shells: The Gifts of the Sea

Shells have been used in Native American jewelry for thousands of years. They are prized for their natural beauty and the variety they offer:

• Abalone: The Rainbow Shell

Abalone shells, known for their iridescent surface, are a favorite material. The shimmering colors of abalone range from blues and greens to pinks and purples, making each piece unique. Abalone is often used to create pendants, earrings, and inlays in combination with silver.

• Mother of Pearl: The Soft Glow

Mother of pearl, the iridescent lining of mollusk shells, is used for its soft, glowing appearance. It is commonly found in Zuni jewelry, where it is intricately inlaid into silver to create beautiful patterns and designs.

• Spiny Oyster: The Vibrant Orange

Spiny oyster shells are known for their vibrant orange, red, and purple hues. These shells are harvested from the Gulf of California and are often used in combination with turquoise and coral to create striking jewelry pieces.

Organic Materials: Nature’s Bounty

In addition to stones and metals, Native American artisans also utilize various organic materials:

• Bone and Antler: The Earthly Elements

Bone and antler have been used in jewelry-making for centuries. These materials are often carved into beads, pendants, and other decorative elements. Bone and antler are particularly significant in cultures where hunting is a central part of life, symbolizing a connection to the natural world.

• Wood: The Versatile Medium

Wood, though less common, is also used in Native American jewelry. It is often carved and painted to create unique pieces. Different types of wood, such as cedar, walnut, and oak, are selected for their durability and natural beauty.

• Quills and Feathers: The Light Touch

Porcupine quills and bird feathers are used to add a delicate, natural touch to jewelry. Quills are often dyed and woven into intricate patterns, while feathers are used as adornments, symbolizing a connection to the spirit world.

Beads: The Building Blocks of Beauty

Beads are fundamental to Native American jewelry, used in a variety of ways to create intricate designs:

• Glass Beads: The Modern Twist

Glass beads, introduced by European traders, have become a staple in many Native American jewelry designs. They are used to create colorful, detailed patterns in necklaces, bracelets, and earrings. Seed beads, in particular, are popular for their small size and vibrant colors.

• Stone and Shell Beads: The Traditional Choice

Before the introduction of glass beads, Native American artisans used stone and shell beads. These beads are often hand-carved and polished, and used to create beautiful, earthy jewelry pieces. Stone and shell beads are favored for their natural colors and textures, adding a traditional touch to modern designs.

Techniques and Craftsmanship

The techniques used in making Native American jewelry are as varied as the materials themselves. Skilled artisans employ various methods to bring their designs to life:

• Inlay and Overlay: The Art of Precision

Inlay involves setting pieces of stone, shell, or other materials into a metal base, creating a mosaic-like pattern. This technique requires precision and skill, as each piece must fit perfectly into the design. Overlay, on the other hand, involves layering one piece of metal over another, often with intricate cut-out designs, to create depth and texture.

• Stamping and Engraving: The Mark of Mastery

Stamping and engraving are techniques used to add patterns and symbols to metal surfaces. Stamping involves using pre-made stamps to imprint designs onto the metal, while engraving is done by hand, carving detailed patterns directly onto the surface. These techniques are often used to add cultural and symbolic elements to jewelry pieces.

• Beadwork: The Craft of Patience

Beadwork is a time-consuming and meticulous process, requiring patience and skill. Artisans string beads together in intricate patterns, often creating detailed designs that tell stories or represent cultural symbols. Beadwork is used in a variety of jewelry pieces, from necklaces and bracelets to earrings and hairpieces.

• Casting: The Mold of Tradition

Casting is a technique used to create metal pieces by pouring molten metal into a mold. This method allows for the creation of complex shapes and designs that would be difficult to achieve through other techniques. Casting is often used to create large, bold pieces such as belt buckles and bolo ties.

Modern Interpretations and Innovations

While traditional materials and techniques are still prevalent, contemporary Native American artists are also exploring new materials and methods, blending the old with the new.

• Contemporary Materials

Modern Native American jewelry artists sometimes incorporate unconventional materials such as plastics, synthetic stones, and non-traditional metals. These materials can offer new textures and colors, allowing artists to innovate while still respecting traditional designs and symbolism.

• Fusion of Techniques

Artists today often combine traditional techniques with modern technology. For example, 3D printing can be used to create detailed molds for casting, and laser engraving allows for intricate designs that would be challenging to achieve by hand. These innovations enable artists to expand their creative boundaries while maintaining the essence of their cultural heritage.

• Cultural Revival and Preservation

There is a strong movement among Native American artists to revive and preserve traditional craftsmanship. Young artisans are learning ancient techniques from elders, ensuring that these skills are passed down through generations. This cultural revival is not just about preserving the past; it’s about keeping traditions alive and relevant in the modern world.

Ethical Sourcing and Sustainability

The materials used in Native American jewelry are often sourced with great care to ensure sustainability and ethical practices.

• Sustainable Practices

Many Native American jewelers prioritize sustainable practices, using materials that are responsibly sourced. For instance, some artisans use reclaimed metals and stones, reducing the environmental impact of mining. This commitment to sustainability reflects a deep respect for the earth and its resources, a core value in many Native American cultures.

• Ethical Sourcing

Ensuring that materials are ethically sourced is crucial. This means using stones and metals that are mined in ways that do not exploit workers or damage the environment. By choosing ethically sourced materials, Native American jewelers support fair labor practices and contribute to the well-being of their communities.

Supporting Indigenous Artists

Buying Native American jewelry from reputable sources helps support Indigenous artists and their communities. It ensures that the artists are fairly compensated for their work and that their cultural heritage is respected and preserved.

The Impact of Native American Jewelry

The impact of Native American jewelry extends beyond aesthetics. It plays a significant role in cultural identity, economic development, and the preservation of traditions.

• Cultural Identity

Jewelry is a powerful expression of cultural identity for many Native American tribes. It tells stories, represents beliefs, and honors ancestors. Wearing Native American jewelry is a way for individuals to connect with their heritage and showcase their pride in their culture.

• Economic Development

The sale of Native American jewelry provides a vital source of income for many Indigenous communities. It supports local economies and helps sustain traditional crafts. By purchasing Native American jewelry, consumers can contribute to the economic empowerment of these communities.

• Preservation of Traditions

Every piece of jewelry is a testament to centuries-old traditions and skills. By continuing to create and wear these pieces, Native American artisans and their supporters help preserve these cultural practices for future generations.

At Spirit of Santa Fe, we take pride in offering authentic Native American jewelry that reflects the rich heritage and craftsmanship of Indigenous cultures. Our collection includes pieces made from the finest materials, each with its own unique story and significance.

Visit us to explore our wide selection and experience the beauty and tradition of Native American jewelry firsthand. Shop with us and support the preservation of these timeless traditions.